Psychological Entitlement and Spiritual Entitlement as Correlates of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Students Christian Religious Studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijeps.v2i1.925Keywords:
Entitlement, Covid, Vaccine, Religion, NarcissismAbstract
This research explored the correlates of psychological entitlement and spiritual entitlement on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among students. A cross-sectional research design was adopted to purposely recruit a total population of 97 students studying Christian religious studies from Nasarawa State University The students were administered the Psychological Entitlement Scale, the Spiritual Entitlement Scale, and the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. The result showed no significant relationship between psychological entitlement and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy (r = -.154, p >0.05) and spiritual entitlement and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy’ (r=.117 at p>0.05) However,the maladaptive subscale showed a significant negative relationship with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy. The Psychological Entitlement and Spiritual Entitlement Scale jointly predicted COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (R= .393; F= 8.564, P < .01) It is recommended that future vaccine campaigns engage with religious leaders to appeal to their beliefs and values and encourage them to accept the vaccine. This is the first study to link entitlement mentality with vaccination uptake in Nigeria.
References
Acheampong, T., Akorsikumah, E. A., Osae-Kwapong, J., Khalid, M., Appiah, A., & Amuasi, J. H. (2021). Examining Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of the Knowledge and Attitudes among Adults to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Ghana. Vaccines, 9(8), 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080814
Adewole, S. (2021, March 30). Oyahkilome slams pastors telling church members to take COVID-19 vaccine. Punch Newspapers. https://punchng.com/oyahkilome-slams-pastors-telling-church-members-to-take-covid-19-vaccine/
Al-Mohaithef, M., & Padhi, B. K. (2020). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in theU.S. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 1657 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S276771
Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004). Psychological Entitlement: Interpersonal Consequences and Validation of a Self-report Measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83, 29 - 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_04
Chipollini M. (2022) Are narcissism and entitlement associated with higher rates of violence and unsuccessful treatment completion? (Unpublished Thesis) PCOM Psychology Dissertations. 580. https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/psychology_dissertations/580
DiGregorio, B. D., Corcoran, K. E., & Scheitle, C. P. (2022). 'God will protect us': Belief in God/Higher Power's ability to intervene and COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Review of religious research, 64(3), 475–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-022-00495-0
Freeman, D., Loe, B.S., Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., Waite, F., Rosebrock, L., Jenner, L., Petit, A., Lewandowsky, S., Vanderslott, S., Innocenti, S., Larkin, M., Giubilini, A., Yu, L-M., McShane, H., Pollard, A.J., & Lambe, S. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: The Oxford Coronavirus Explanations, Attitudes, and Narratives Survey (OCEAN) II. Psychological Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720005188
Finocchario-Kessler, S., Catley, D., Berkley-Patton, J., Gerkovich, M., Williams, K., Banderas, J., & Goggin, K. (2011). Baseline predictors of ninety percent or higher antiretroviral therapy adherence in a diverse urban sample: the role of patient autonomy and fatalistic religious beliefs. AIDS patient care and STDs, 25(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2010.0319
Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., Campbell, W. K., Twenge, J. M., & Pargament, K. I. (2017). God Owes Me: The Role of Divine Entitlement in Predicting Struggles With a Deity. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rel0000147
Hatemi P.K., & Fazekas Z. (2022) The role of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism on mask wearing and vaccination during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Current Psychology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03080-4
Ireland N.(April 13, 2023). Millions of covid-19 doses to expire this year Canada. How will they be used.Global News https://globalnews.ca/news/9620497/covid-vaccines-expiry-2023/
Kashte, S., Gulbake, A., El-Amin Iii, S. F., & Gupta, A. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines: rapid development, implications, challenges and future prospects. Human cell, 34(3), 711–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-021-00512-4
Kisenyi, R. N., Muliira, J. K., & Ayebare, E. (2013). Religiosity and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among patients attending a public hospital-based HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda. Journal of religion and health, 52(1), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9473-9
Machekanyanga Z., Ndiaye S., Gerede R., Chindedza K., Chigodo C., Shibeshi M.E., Goodson J, Daniel F., Zimmerman L., & Kaiser R. (2017). Qualitative assessment of vaccination hesitancy among members of the Apostolic Church of Zimbabwe: A case study. J Relig Health, 56(5):1683-1691. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-017-0428-7
Morgan M. (2023) A poke and prod into the attitudes of college- aged students towards the covid-19 vaccine.Thesis Salem State University. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13013/2657
Nnaemeka V.C., Okafor N.A , Orababar O.O., Anikwe R, Onwe R.O.,, Uzochukwu P.N., Tsiterimam, S.T., Nwokoye,N.N., Ike A.C (2023) Covid-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis Medrxiv Preprint https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.16.23286008
Nwaubari A, T/. 16 june 2021 African Faith Healers hold the key to dispelling vaccine doubt. Evening Standard. https://www.standard.co.uk/optimist
Rose, K. C., & Anastasio, P. A. (2013). Entitlement is about ‘others’, narcissism is not: Relations to sociotropic and autonomous interpersonal styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 59, 50-53
Sherman, Susan M., Smith, L. E., Sim, J., Amlôt, R., Cutts, M., Dasch, H., Rubin, G. J., & Sevdalis, N. (2021). COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID- 19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVAccS), a Nationally representative cross-sectional
Orange S., Pinchoff, J., Mwanga D., Abuya T., Hamaluba, M., Warimwe, G., Austrian, K., Barasa,E(2021) Assessing the level and determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence in Kenya. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.11.21258775
Sokunbi T.O., Oluyedun, A.T., Adegboye, E.A., Oluwatomisin ,G.P.,& Ibrahim A.D., (2023). Covid-19 vaccination in Nigeria: Challenges and recommendation for future vaccination initiative.Public health challenges volume 2,issue 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/puh2.57
Ugwu. F. & Okafor C.O (2016). Helping others when you’ve not helped yourself’: A multifaceted investigation of the predictive value ofpersonality on philanthropy among distressed employees. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences
Whitetaker, R. J.,(August 5 2021 )The blood of Jesus is my vaccine. How a fringe group of Christian hijack faith in a war against science.The conversation https://theconversation.com/amp/The-blood-of-Jesus-is-my-vaccine-How-a-fringe-%20group-of%20Christian-hijack-faith-in-a-war-against-science
World Health Organization. (2020b). How do vaccines work? https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines
World Health Organization. (2020c). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns, and COVID-19. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-
World Health Organization. (2023). WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
Zitek E. M and Jordan A H (2020). Psychological Entitlement Predicts Failure to Follow Instructions. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2019, Vol. 10(2) 172-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617729885
Zitek, E. M., & Schlund, R. J. (2021). Psychological entitlement predicts noncompliance with the health guidelines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and individual differences, 171, 110491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110491
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tobechi Uzoigwe, Uzoigwe Chinonso Elvis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
