Chemical Profiling and Industrial Viability of Neem Seed Oil: A Comprehensive Study for Sustainable Biodiesel Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijasr.v2i1.1151Keywords:
Neem Seed Oil, Profile, Biodiesel, GCMS, Trace ElementsAbstract
The study explores the chemical composition of neem seed oil, highlighting its potential for commercial biodiesel production and various industrial applications. The oil, with a liquid state, pale greenish-yellow color, and pleasant odor, yielded 32.1%, surpassing industrially extracted oils like soybean and cottonseed. Factors influencing its composition include seasonal variations, geographical origin, genetic disparities, growth stages, plant segments, and postharvest processing. Despite these, neem seeds meet the required oil content percentage for large-scale industrial biodiesel production. However, challenges like high free fatty acid content and elevated acid values necessitate acid esterification before alkaline transesterification, potentially increasing production costs. The study also highlights the importance of appropriate seed processing practices to optimize oil yield and quality.
References
Adepoju, T. F. Ojediran, J. O. and Okunola A. A. (2013). An Optimization Approach to Oil Extraction from Chrysophyllum albidium Oilseeds and Its Quality Characterization. International Journal of innovative research and studies, 2(10), P 56-71
Adewoye T.L., and Olaosebikan O.O (2002) Optimization of Neem Seed Oil Extraction Process Using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2 (6)
Awasthia, R. and D. Shika., (2019). Solvent Extraction of Neem Oil from Neem Seed for Development of Ecofriendly Pesticides, Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), 3(3); 119-122.
Belwal T.S.M, Rastrelli L., Bhatt I.D., Daglia M., and Baldi A.(2018). A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: Trends, priorities, industrial uses and optimization strategies. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 100:82–102.
Berchmans H.J., Hirata S.. (2008).Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids, Bioresource Technology (99) Pp1716–1721.
Berrios M., Siles J., Martin M.A., and Martin A., (2007) A kinetic study of the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in sunflower oil, Fuel (86) Pp2383–2388.
Britannica (2020). Fatty acid. Encyclopedia Britannica, 6th edition, pp 765-860. Retrieved from https://www.britan nica.com/science/fatty-acid.
Canakci M. and Vangerpen (2007) The potential of restaurant waste lipids as biodiesel feedstocks, Bioresource Technology (98) Pp183–190.
Dennis Y.C.L, Wu X., Leung M.K.H(2009) A review on biodiesel production using catalysed transesterification. Applied Energy 8 (2)
Diaz Felix W., Riley M.R., Zimmt W., and Kazz M.,(2009). Pretreatment of yellow grease for efficient production of fatty acid methyl esters, Biomass and Bioenergy (33)
Elkelawy M, Bastawissi HA-E, Esmaeil KK, Radwan AM, Panchal H, Sadasivuni. M. (2020). Maximization of biodiesel production from sunflower and soybean oils and prediction of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics through response surface methodology. Fuel. 266:117072
EL-Mahood, A. M., Ogbonna, O. B. and Raji, M. (2010). The Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta indica (neem seeds extracts against bacterial pathogens associated with eye and ear infections. J. Medi. Plants Res., 4: 1414-1421.
Falowo O.A, Oloko Oba M.I., and Betiku E.((2019) Biodiesel production intensification via microwave irradiation assisted transesterification of oil blend using nanoparticles from elephant-ear tree pod husk as a base heterogeneous catalyst. Chemical Engineering and Processing –Process Intensification. 140:157–70
Gawa, G.S., Orunmuyi, M., Agbaji, A.S., Ladan, Z. and Okekefi, U.O. (2007) Effects of Different Methods of Processing Neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds on Performance of Young Rabbits. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(3), 212-216 .
Hasni K., I.Z., Dharma S., and Varman M. (2017) Optimization of biodiesel production from Brucea javanica seeds oil as novel non edible feedstock using response surface methodology. Energy Conversion and Management. 149:392–400
Jagadale, S., and Jugulkar, S.L.M., (2012) Review of Various Reaction Parameters and other Factors Affecting on Production of Chicken Fat Based Biodiesel. International
Jessinta, S H. N. Azhari, N. T. Saiful, S.H and Abdurahman, H. N. (2014). Impact of Geographic Variation on Physicochemical Properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica)Seed Oil. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 5 (10): 4406-4413. Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) 2 (2), P 407 – 411 ISSN 2249 – 6645
Marchelin J.M., Migrel V.U., Errazu A.F.(2005). Possible Methods for Biodiesel Production plant. Piloto de ingenieria Quinnica, UNS-CONICET. Baha Blanca Argentina. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews
Marotti, M., Piccaglia, R., and Giovanelli, E. (1994) Effects of variety and ontogenic stage on the essential oil composition and biological activity of fennel. J. Essent. Oil Res., 6: 57-62.
Menkiti MC, Agu CM, Udeigwe TK. Extraction of oil from Terminalia catappa L.: Process parameter impacts, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015 Dec; 77:713–23.
Sanguanpong, U., (2010). Productivity of rit-pilot plant for small-scale industrial production of the Neembased extract. J. Agric. Eng. Technol., 12: 78-89
Shujit, C.P., Muhammed, Y. M. and Shovon, B.S., (2013). Neem Oil From Neem Seed And
Applications, Lampard Academic Publishing, pp 76-97.
Terblanche, F.C., (2000). The characterization, utilization and manufacture of products recovered from Lippia scaberrima Sond. PhD. thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Tomić M., Ljubojević M., Mićić R., Simikić M., Dulić J., and Narandžić T.(2020) Oil from Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm as possible feedstock for biodiesel production. Fuel. 277:118162
Veitch, G. E., Beckmann, E., Burke, B. J., Boyer, A., Maslen, S. L. and Ley, S. V. (2007). Synthesis of Azadirachtin: A long but successful journey. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.46 (40): 7629–7632.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Adamu Zubairu Utono; Usman Rufai Fakai; Basiru Muhammad Suru, Zeenat Abdullahi, Aliyu Garba, Aliyu Kangiwa Ibrahim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
