Biodiesel from Crude Palm Oil: A Sustainable Development Strategy for Energy Security

Usman Rufai Fakai; Aliyu Kangiwa Ibrahim; Adamu Zubairu Utono

doi:10.59890/ijasr.v2i8.2363

Authors

Usman Rufai Fakai Adamu Augie College of Education Argungu
Aliyu Kangiwa Ibrahim Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda
Adamu Zubairu Utono Department of Operations, N-HYPPADEC Headquarters

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijasr.v2i8.2363

Keywords:

Energy Security, Environmental, Sustainability, Biodiesel, Crude Palm Oil

Abstract

The study investigates the synthesis process, catalyst preparation, and implications of CPO biodiesel production, focusing on energy security, environmental sustainability, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The study uses eggshell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for catalyst preparation, demonstrating a novel approach to catalyst synthesis. Results show consistent biodiesel yields of 78.6%, demonstrating the efficiency of the synthesis process. The study also highlights the environmental benefits of CPO biodiesel production, including reduced carbon emissions and sustainable cultivation practices. The study emphasizes the potential of CPO biodiesel as a sustainable energy solution, paving the way for a cleaner, more resilient future.

References

Akhtar, E. T. (2023). Biofuels: A Renewable Solution for Energy Security and Climate Change Mitigation. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4475528

Alkabbashi, A. N., Alam, M. Z., Mirghani, M. E. S., & Al-Fusaiel, A. M. A. (2009). Biodiesel production from Crude Palm Oil by transesterification process. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(17), 3166–3170. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2009.3166.3170

Ashraf, M. N., Yusoff, M., Wahidah, N., Zulkifli, M., Nazatul, &, Sukiman, L., Chyuan, O. H., Masjuki, &, Hassan, H., Hasnul, M. H., Syahir, M., Zulkifli, A., Mujtaba Abbas, M., Muhammad, &, & Zakaria, Z. (2021). Sustainability of Palm Biodiesel in Transportation: a Review on Biofuel Standard, Policy and International Collaboration Between Malaysia and Colombia. BioEnergy Research, 14, 43–60.

Demirbas A. (2011) Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels Energy Conversion and Management Volume 50, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 14- 34

de Oliveira, R. F., ChangetheRest, change the, WHITE, O., KERLAVAGE, A. R., CLAYTON, R. A., SUTTON, G. G., FLEISCHMANN, R. D., KETCHUM, K. A., KLENK, H. P., GILL, S., DOUGHERTY, B. A., NELSON, K., QUACKENBUSH, J., ZHOU, L., KIRKNESS, E. F., PETERSON, S., LOFTUS, B., RICHARDSON, D., DODSON, R., … Venter, J. C. (2018). Enhanced Reader.pdf. In Nature (Vol. 388, pp. 539–547).

de Souza, S. P., Pacca, S., de Ávila, M. T., & Borges, J. L. B. (2010). Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance of palm oil biofuel. Renewable Energy, 35(11), 2552–2561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.028

Essien E.E., Antia B.S., and Peter N.S (2013a). Lagenaria Siceraria (Mol.) Standley. Properties of Seed Oils and Variability in Fatty Acids Composition of Ten Cultivars. International Journal of Natural Products Research. 3 (4) Pp 102-106

Fakai, U. R. (2023). Statistical Optimization of Process Variables for Biodiesel Production from Lagenaria Siceraria Seed Oil Statistical Optimization of Process Variables for Biodiesel Production from Lagenaria Siceraria Seed Oil. September. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijir.v1i7.40

Gafar M.K.A, Idoda A.A., Warra, and Abdullahi L. (2012) Extraction and Physiochemical Determination of Garlic (Allium sativum) oil. Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences 1 (2) P 285 - 287

Harsono, S. S., Prochnow, A., Grundmann, P., Hansen, A., & Hallmann, C. (2012). Energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions of palm oil biodiesel in Indonesia. GCB Bioenergy, 4(2), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01118.x

Kumar Tiwari, A., Kumar, A., Raheman, H., 2007. Biodiesel production from jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) with high free fatty acids: An optimized process. Biomass Bioenergy

Lim and Teong (2010) Recent trends, opportunities and challenges of biodiesel in Malaysia: An overview. Ideas publication Lam and Lee (2012) Microalgae biofuels: A critical review of issues, problems and the way forward Biotechnology Advances Volume 30, Issue 3, May–June 2012, Pages 673-690

Maltitz G. and Stafford W (2011) Assessing opportunities and constraints for biofuel development in subSaharan Africa. Working Paper 58. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia

Maulidiyah, M., Watoni, A. H., Maliana, N., Irwan, I., Salim, L. O. A., Arham, Z., & Nurdin, M. (2022). Biodiesel production from crude palm oil using sulfuric acid and K2O catalysts through a two stage reaction. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12(3), 3150–3160. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC123.31503160

RSPO (2018) Round Table On Sustainable Oil; Rspo Launches 2018 Principles And Criteria Metrics Template Tan, K. T., Lee, K. T., & Mohamed, A. R.(2009). Life-cycle assessment of crude palm oil biodiesel production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(4), 287-295.

Utono A.Z, Usman R.F., Basiru M., S., Zeenat A., Aliyu G., & Aliyu K. I. (2024). Chemical Profiling and Industrial Viability of Neem Seed Oil: A Comprehensive Study for Sustainable Biodiesel Production. International Journal of Applied and Scientific Research, 2(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijasr.v2i1.1151

Von Maltitz, G. P., & Stafford, W. (2011). "Assessing opportunities and constraints for

biofuel development in sub-Saharan Africa." Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(7), 1939-1949.

Yacob, S., Hassan, M. A., Shirai, Y., Wakisaka, M., & Subash, S. (2006). Baseline study of methane emission from anaerobic ponds of palm oil mill effluent treatment. Science of the Total Environment, 366(1), 187-196.

http://standards.ieee.org/guides/style/2009_Style_Manual.pdf